Refrigerant

Research

Indian VRF Refrigerant Transition — R-22 to R-410A to R-32 to R-454B
This article presents a comparative performance and lifecycle-cost analysis of three low-GWP refrigerants — R32, R454B, and R-1234yf — applied to Indian Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems. A 100-ton VRF reference system is analyzed for capacity, IEER (Integrated Energy Effic… Read more →

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This article presents a comparative performance and lifecycle-cost analysis of three low-GWP refrigerants — R32, R454B, and R-1234yf — applied to Indian Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems. A 100-ton VRF reference system is analyzed for capacity, IEER (Integrated Energy Effic…

HVAC

VRF Refrigerant Pipe Sizing: Suction, Discharge, and Liquid Line Rules
VRF refrigerant piping is one of the few MEP disciplines where the OEM (Daikin, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy, Hitachi, LG, Toshiba) effectively dictates the design. Brand-specific tables driv Read more →

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VRF refrigerant piping is one of the few MEP disciplines where the OEM (Daikin, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy, Hitachi, LG, Toshiba) effectively dictates the design. Brand-specific tables driv

HVAC

VRF Refrigerant Piping Limits: Daikin, Mitsubishi, LG, Hitachi — What 2026 Designers Need to Know
A VRF system is only as flexible as its refrigerant piping. Each major manufacturer specifies different maximum total piping length, maximum vertical separation, maximum branch length, and maximum hei Read more →

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A VRF system is only as flexible as its refrigerant piping. Each major manufacturer specifies different maximum total piping length, maximum vertical separation, maximum branch length, and maximum hei

HVAC

Refrigerant Choice 2026: R32 vs R290 vs R454B vs R-1234yf — GWP, Capacity, Safety
The refrigerant landscape in 2026 is in transition. R22 phased out for production by 2020 in India under Montreal Protocol. R410A, the dominant transitional refrigerant, has GWP 2,088 — flagged for fu Read more →

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The refrigerant landscape in 2026 is in transition. R22 phased out for production by 2020 in India under Montreal Protocol. R410A, the dominant transitional refrigerant, has GWP 2,088 — flagged for fu

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