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MEPVAULT Editorial Team

HVAC

Cleanroom HVAC Design: ISO 14644 Class 5–8, Air Changes, Pressure Cascade (Pillar)
A cleanroom is defined by the maximum particle count per m³ at 0.5 micron and larger. ISO 14644-1:2015 specifies nine classes (ISO 1 through ISO 9). Pharmaceutical manufacturing typically requires ISO Read more →

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A cleanroom is defined by the maximum particle count per m³ at 0.5 micron and larger. ISO 14644-1:2015 specifies nine classes (ISO 1 through ISO 9). Pharmaceutical manufacturing typically requires ISO

HVAC

MERV-13 Filter Selection: Pressure Drop, Energy Penalty, Replacement Strategy
A MERV-13 filter delivers 85% efficiency at 1-3 micron particles — enough to remove most respiratory aerosols, allergens, smoke, and the larger end of viral droplets. The cost is pressure drop. A typi Read more →

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A MERV-13 filter delivers 85% efficiency at 1-3 micron particles — enough to remove most respiratory aerosols, allergens, smoke, and the larger end of viral droplets. The cost is pressure drop. A typi

Standards

IAQ Post-Pandemic: ASHRAE 241, MERV-13, UV-C and Realistic Retrofits
ASHRAE 241-2023 dropped in mid-2023 with one main metric: **Equivalent Clean Airflow per occupant (ECAi)**, measured in L/s per person. The standard establishes infection-risk-mitigation airflow targe Read more →

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ASHRAE 241-2023 dropped in mid-2023 with one main metric: **Equivalent Clean Airflow per occupant (ECAi)**, measured in L/s per person. The standard establishes infection-risk-mitigation airflow targe

Standards

Demand Controlled Ventilation: COâ‚‚ Sensors, Occupancy Counts & ASHRAE 62.1 Compliance
A 200-person conference room sits empty 90% of the day. Designed-to-code ventilation pumps 2,000 cfm of pre-conditioned outdoor air through it constantly. Half-occupied, the room over-ventilates by 50 Read more →

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A 200-person conference room sits empty 90% of the day. Designed-to-code ventilation pumps 2,000 cfm of pre-conditioned outdoor air through it constantly. Half-occupied, the room over-ventilates by 50

HVAC

Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV/HRV) Selection: Wheel vs Plate vs Heat Pipe
In Indian climate zones — Delhi monsoon, Mumbai pre-monsoon, Bangalore winter — outdoor air carries 30-60% of an HVAC system's annual cooling load through latent (moisture) content alone. ERVs and HRV Read more →

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In Indian climate zones — Delhi monsoon, Mumbai pre-monsoon, Bangalore winter — outdoor air carries 30-60% of an HVAC system’s annual cooling load through latent (moisture) content alone. ERVs and HRV

HVAC

DOAS Design for Indian Hot-Humid Climates: Decoupling Latent & Sensible (Pillar)
In a hot-humid Indian climate, the outdoor air load can be 50-70% latent (moisture). Traditional all-air HVAC systems handle both sensible and latent at the same coil — at deep dewpoint requirements ( Read more →

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In a hot-humid Indian climate, the outdoor air load can be 50-70% latent (moisture). Traditional all-air HVAC systems handle both sensible and latent at the same coil — at deep dewpoint requirements (

Plumbing & Drainage

Water Hammer Arrestor Sizing: PDI WH-201 Method for MEP Projects
A solenoid valve on a washing machine snaps closed in 50 milliseconds. A flush valve on a bathroom WC closes in 20 milliseconds. The 6 m/s of water moving through the riser doesn't stop instantly — it Read more →

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A solenoid valve on a washing machine snaps closed in 50 milliseconds. A flush valve on a bathroom WC closes in 20 milliseconds. The 6 m/s of water moving through the riser doesn’t stop instantly — it

Plumbing & Drainage

Hot Water Recirculation Loop Design: Sizing Pump, Pipe & Heat Loss
A hotel guest opens a tap and waits 45 seconds for hot water — that's a recirculation problem. A high-rise residential project measures 3 °C drop at the most-remote outlet — that's a recirculation pro Read more →

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A hotel guest opens a tap and waits 45 seconds for hot water — that’s a recirculation problem. A high-rise residential project measures 3 °C drop at the most-remote outlet — that’s a recirculation pro

Standards

ASHRAE 62.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure: Single & Multi-Zone for Indian Projects (Pillar)
The Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP) is the most-used method in ASHRAE 62.1 — and the most-misapplied. Most designers can compute the breathing-zone outdoor air for a single space; few can correctly c Read more →

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The Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP) is the most-used method in ASHRAE 62.1 — and the most-misapplied. Most designers can compute the breathing-zone outdoor air for a single space; few can correctly c

ELECTRICAL

Transformer Room Ventilation: Loss Heat, Air Change & Stack Effect Sizing
A transformer that runs at an elevated ambient temperature derates. A 1,000 kVA dry-type transformer rated for 40 °C ambient delivers only ~890 kVA continuous capacity if its enclosure averages 50 °C. Read more →

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A transformer that runs at an elevated ambient temperature derates. A 1,000 kVA dry-type transformer rated for 40 °C ambient delivers only ~890 kVA continuous capacity if its enclosure averages 50 °C.

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