Author name: Admin

MEPVAULT Editorial Team

HVAC, Sustainability

LEED v4.1 BD+C HVAC Credits: EAp2, EAc1, EAc2 — Indian-Project Tactics
LEED v4.1 BD+C (Building Design + Construction) Energy & Atmosphere category is where most LEED points come from on an Indian commercial project — and where MEP design has the most leverage. EAp2 (Min Read more →

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LEED v4.1 BD+C (Building Design + Construction) Energy & Atmosphere category is where most LEED points come from on an Indian commercial project — and where MEP design has the most leverage. EAp2 (Min

Firefighting, Standards

Fire Alarm Zoning + Voice EVAC — NFPA 72 vs IS 2189 vs BS 5839
Fire detection is the trigger for every other firefighting response — sprinkler activation, smoke control, fan shutdown, lift recall, occupant alarm. Detection design must be both **fast** (early warn Read more →

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Fire detection is the trigger for every other firefighting response — sprinkler activation, smoke control, fan shutdown, lift recall, occupant alarm. Detection design must be both **fast** (early warn

HVAC

Clean Agent Suppression: Novec 1230, FM-200, FK-5-1-12 — Selection & Sizing
Where water sprinklers cannot go (data centres, archives, libraries, sterile pharma processing), clean-agent gaseous suppression takes over. Three agents dominate the modern Indian market: FM-200 (HFC Read more →

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Where water sprinklers cannot go (data centres, archives, libraries, sterile pharma processing), clean-agent gaseous suppression takes over. Three agents dominate the modern Indian market: FM-200 (HFC

ELECTRICAL

Indoor Lighting Design: Room Cavity Ratio, Coefficient of Utilisation, IES LM-63 Photometry
The lumen method gives one number — luminaire count — but behind it sits the photometric data that determines whether the count actually delivers target lux on the work plane. Three concepts dominate: Read more →

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The lumen method gives one number — luminaire count — but behind it sits the photometric data that determines whether the count actually delivers target lux on the work plane. Three concepts dominate:

HVAC

Harmonics Mitigation: THD Limits, Active Filters, Passive Filters — IEEE 519 + IEC 61000
A modern commercial building is full of non-linear loads: VFDs on chiller motors, LED drivers, switching power supplies in IT equipment, UPS systems. Each draws current in non-sinusoidal pulses, gener Read more →

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A modern commercial building is full of non-linear loads: VFDs on chiller motors, LED drivers, switching power supplies in IT equipment, UPS systems. Each draws current in non-sinusoidal pulses, gener

Standards

Earthing Design per IS 3043: Plate, Pipe, Strip, Counterpoise — When to Use What
The earthing system carries fault current to ground, equalizes potentials during transients, and provides a reference for protective relays. IS 3043:2018 is the Indian code; it specifies earth-electro Read more →

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The earthing system carries fault current to ground, equalizes potentials during transients, and provides a reference for protective relays. IS 3043:2018 is the Indian code; it specifies earth-electro

HVAC

Refrigerant Choice 2026: R32 vs R290 vs R454B vs R-1234yf — GWP, Capacity, Safety
The refrigerant landscape in 2026 is in transition. R22 phased out for production by 2020 in India under Montreal Protocol. R410A, the dominant transitional refrigerant, has GWP 2,088 — flagged for fu Read more →

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The refrigerant landscape in 2026 is in transition. R22 phased out for production by 2020 in India under Montreal Protocol. R410A, the dominant transitional refrigerant, has GWP 2,088 — flagged for fu

HVAC

Plate Heat Exchanger Selection: NTU Method, Approach, Fouling Factor
A plate heat exchanger (PHE) sits between two fluid streams — most commonly cooling tower water (CW) on one side, chilled water (CHW) on the other — transferring heat from one to the other. PHEs are t Read more →

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A plate heat exchanger (PHE) sits between two fluid streams — most commonly cooling tower water (CW) on one side, chilled water (CHW) on the other — transferring heat from one to the other. PHEs are t

HVAC, Plumbing & Drainage

Free Cooling Strategies: Waterside Economiser, Airside Economiser, Plate HX in India
Free cooling — using outdoor conditions to cool the chilled water loop without the chiller compressor — is the single largest energy-saving lever in commercial HVAC. ASHRAE 90.1-2022 mandates economis Read more →

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Free cooling — using outdoor conditions to cool the chilled water loop without the chiller compressor — is the single largest energy-saving lever in commercial HVAC. ASHRAE 90.1-2022 mandates economis

HVAC

Primary-Secondary vs Primary-Only-Variable: Hydronic Plant Design Trade-offs (Pillar)
The decision between Primary-Secondary (P-S) and Primary-Only-Variable (P-O-V) chiller plant configuration determines pump energy, control complexity, and "low ΔT" operational risk for the building's Read more →

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The decision between Primary-Secondary (P-S) and Primary-Only-Variable (P-O-V) chiller plant configuration determines pump energy, control complexity, and “low ΔT” operational risk for the building’s

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